On October 31, 2025, the Fifth Circuit held that the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or “Board”) impermissibly awarded compensatory damages to striking employees who were fired. As we reported here, the court’s ruling widens a circuit split between the Third and Ninth Circuits on available remedies under the
Joshua Fox
Joshua S. Fox is a partner in the Labor & Employment Law Department and a member of the Sports, Labor-Management Relations, Class and Collective Actions and Wage and Hour Groups.
As a member of the Sports Law Group, Josh has represented a number of Major League Baseball Clubs in all aspects of the salary arbitration process. Josh also has extensive experience representing professional sports leagues and teams in grievance-arbitration proceedings, and has played a key role in representing professional sports leagues in all aspects of their collective bargaining negotiations with players and officials, including the Major League Baseball, National Hockey League, the National Football League, Major League Soccer, the Professional Referee Organization, and the National Basketball Association. Josh has also represented teams and arenas in all aspects of labor relations involving labor unions representing arena staff.
In addition, Josh has extensive experience representing clients in the performing arts industry, including the New York City Ballet, New York City Opera, Big Apple Circus, among many others, in collective bargaining negotiations with performers and musicians, the administration of their collective bargaining agreements, and in grievance arbitrations.
Josh also represents a diverse range of clients, including real estate developers and contractors, pipe line contractors, hospitals, hotels, manufacturers and public employers, in collective bargaining, counseling on general employment matters and proceedings before the National Labor Relations Board, New York State Public Employment Relations Board and arbitrators.
Josh also serves as an adjunct professor at Cornell University’s School of Industrial Labor Relations for several years, teaching a course regarding Major League Baseball salary arbitration.
Prior to joining Proskauer, Josh worked for a year and a half at the National Hockey League, where he was involved in all labor and employment matters, including preparations for collective bargaining, grievance arbitration, contract drafting and reviewing and employment counseling. Josh also interned in the labor relations department of Major League Baseball and at Region 2 of the National Labor Relations Board. He was a member of the Brooklyn Law Review and the Appellate Moot Court Honor Society and served as president of the Brooklyn Entertainment and Sports Law Society.
Rejected: Ninth Circuit Denies Constitutional Attacks on NLRB
On October 28, 2025, the Ninth Circuit, in a unanimous, published decision, rejected three key constitutional attacks on the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or “Board”), some of which have gained favor in other circuit courts, making it harder—for now—for employers to challenge Board proceedings in that jurisdiction. This decision…
Fast-Track to Union Representation? California, Uber, Lyft and SEIU Unite Behind Driver-Union Bill
After years of battles within the state over ride-share driver classification issues, California is redrawing the map of gig-economy labor relations – a measure that would, for the first time in the state, give unions a path to organize rideshare drivers. California Governor Gavin Newsom is framing the bill as…
Stepping Into A Void? New York Attempts to Extend New York State Labor Relations Act to Private-Sector Employers That Should Be Covered by National Labor Relations Act; NLRB General Counsel Sues Over Preemption Concerns
On September 5, 2025, New York Governor Kathy Hochul signed into law what is dubbed an “NLRB Trigger Bill” amending the New York State Labor Relations Act. The statute itself is hardly a model of clarity, but its sponsors describe it as an effort to expand the jurisdiction…
Fifth Circuit Boosts Spacex’s Constitutionality Arguments
On August 19, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed preliminary injunctions halting National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or the “NLRB”) proceedings against SpaceX and two other companies while they litigate the constitutionality of NLRB removal protections. In its holding, the court concluded that the for-cause…
Charges Deferred, Grievances Preferred: NLRB Acting GC Issues New Guidance on Deferring Unfair Labor Practice Charges
On August 7, 2025, the Acting General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or “Board”), William B. Cowen, issued GC Memorandum 25-10 providing revised guidance concerning the deferral of unfair labor practice (“ULP”) charges to the grievance and arbitration processes set forth in collective bargaining agreements (“CBA”).
The…
Hold the Salt: Essential Takeaways from NLRB Acting GC’s Guidance On Union Salting Investigations
On July 24, 2025, William B. Cowen, the Acting General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or “Board”), issued GC Memorandum 25-08 to the Board’s 26 regional offices providing guidance on determining if an employment applicant in the salting context is protected by the National Labor Relations Act…
Ninth Circuit Rejects SAG-AFTRA Vaccine Mandate Lawsuit
In an unpublished but nonetheless significant opinion, the Ninth Circuit recently affirmed the lower court’s dismissal of a consolidated lawsuit filed by SAG-AFTRA members against their union, finding the claims time-barred and preempted. In relevant part, the dispute was rooted in allegations that SAG-AFTRA, by negotiating a return-to-work agreement that…